In any case, this is a complex topic about which much more could be written. The related concept of a modular mind is shared by unsentimental evolutionary psychologists (e.g., Kurzban & Aktipis, 2007 Tooby & Cosmides, 1992). Not only new-agey softies espouse this perspective. Examples include ‘sub-personalities’ (Rowan, 1990), ‘social mentalities’ (Gilbert, 2000), and ‘selves’ (Fadiman & Gruber, 2020). This idea is shared by many theorists of various schools, often using different terminology. Most people behave and feel differently during a job interview than with their closest friends. Different parts can also get activated at different times. Many forms of self-criticism, for instance, could be described as a dominant part of oneself berating another part that feels inferior. By ‘parts’, we mean something like clusters of beliefs, emotions and motivations, characterized by a (somewhat) coherent voice or perspective. What is ‘inner multiplicity’?īy ‘multiple parts’ or ‘inner multiplicity’, we don’t mean to suggest that the human psyche comprises multiple conscious agents-though IFS sometimes comes close to suggesting that. We recommend this post for an in-depth introduction. For brevity’s sake, we won’t discuss IFS in detail here. IFS therapy focuses on enabling these parts to “communicate” with each other so that inner conflicts can be resolved and reintegration can take place. The psychotherapy school Internal Family Systems (IFS) is based on the idea that our minds have multiple parts. This post may be especially relevant for people interested in ‘internal multiplicity’ and those seeking therapy but who have had disappointing experiences with CBT and/or IFS or are otherwise put off by these approaches.Chairwork, the oldest psychotherapy technique used for working with the minds’ multiple parts and which inspired IFS.Schema Therapy, which integrates concepts from cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and psychodynamic approaches, among others.Compassion-Focused Therapy, which incorporates insights from many disciplines, including neuroscience and evolutionary psychology.As an alternative perspective, we describe comparatively evidence-based therapy approaches that work with such ‘inner multiplicity’ in skillful ways:.Many view IFS as the only therapy school that recognizes that our psyche has multiple ‘parts’. The psychotherapy school Internal Family Systems (IFS) is popular among effective altruists and rationalists.
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